Rh Bill Agree or Disagree - 1580 Words

Name: Sheena Elaine F. Magdaraog Subject: Philippine Lit. Section: IT31B Instructor: Ms. Elaine RH Bill: Agree or Disagree The country of the Philippines is one of the world’s developing countries with an enormous growth of population. Due to the fact that the population growth leads the Filipino people to starvation, crime rate increase, unemployment, lack of public facilities, all of these are related to the population growth because RH bill or the Reproductive Health Bill is still in controversy and still a concern of our Philippine Government. The RH bill has not reached its full support because there are people who are against it. Mostly, people who opposed of having such bill in the legislation are related to the Catholic†¦show more content†¦With the knowledge of different family planning methods, students are informed of how to take care of their selves once they are adult and are ready to do what adults do. Having enough information on this will make a person to think more responsibly before doing any actions. Dealing with moral support, a parent should be more open to their children discussing about the circumstances of having pre-marital sex and how it would affect them physically, emotionally and mentally. Moral support does not only come from the parents but from the church as well. I believe that one of the ways that we can contribute to the population control to prevent related issues is discipline. No matter how many methods are there to reduce the increase of birth rate every year, it will always need the characteristic that a person should possess which is discipline. Insights to the Reproductive Health Bill The bill isnt about killing lives. Its an answer to supply an excellent life. Its going to make sure that young ones will undoubtedly be receiving blessings from their parents because they are born in a planned and a wanted option. Its going to make couples stable along with the information and chance to make their lives planned by having a birth gap to their children. This can not only fortify the family as a unit but in addition to be able to optimize and take care of kids wholl have significantly more opportunities to be educated, healthier and productive. The bill willShow MoreRelatedLegalization of Same Sex Marriage9779 Words   |  40 Pageslesbian couples are an uneven patchwork of state laws. Home protection. Laws protect married seniors from being forced to sell their homes to pay high nursing home bills; gay and lesbian seniors have no such protection. Home protection. Laws protect married seniors from being forced to sell their homes to pay high nursing home bills; gay and lesbian seniors have no such protection. Pensions. After the death of a worker, most pension plans pay survivor benefits only to a legal spouseRead MoreIelts4980 Words   |  20 PagesParagraph C Paragraph D Academic Test 1; Page 13  © ieltshelpnow.com 17 18 19 Paragraph E Paragraph F Paragraph G Questions 20 - 27 Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer of the reading passage on Insomnia? In Boxes 20 - 27 write: YES NO NOT GIVEN if the statement agrees with the writer if the statement doesn’t agree with the writer if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Someone who only gets four hours of sleep a night must beRead MoreInvestment Bodie Kane Notes30163 Words   |  121 Pagesand futures. Money Market: 1. T-bills: Investors buy the bills at a discount from the stated maturity value and get the face value at the bill’s maturity. T-bills with initial maturities of 91 days or 182 days are issued weekly. Offerings of 52week bills are made monthly. Sales of bills are conducted via auction, at which investors can submit competitive or noncompetitive bids. Tbills sell in minimum denominations of only $10,000. The income earned on T-bills is tax-free. 2. CD: certicficates

Why Do People Work Free Essays

Why do people work? Think about the reading and your own knowledge of human nature. In his essay â€Å"Work and Labour† Igor Shchegolev referred to Daniel Yankelovich’s three conceptions of work (described in â€Å"The Work Ethic Is Underemployed†). â€Å"First, as labour, as a way to exist; second, as a way to improve one’s level of life; and third, as a moral necessity†, paraphrased Igor. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do People Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now These conceptions closely resonate with an ancient orthodox perception of three stages Christian might act in: stages of a slave, an employee, and a son towards his father. Although, at first glance, the question â€Å"Why do people work? may sound as a rhetorical one, there is possible to formulate three main motivations – on a base of both mentioned above theories. There are vital necessity, stimulus for reward, and nonmaterial reasons: moral duty or passion. The first motive does not leave people another choice. â€Å"One who is not working – is not allowed to eat†, teaches an old Slavonic proverb, appealing to the vital necessity of work. Tireless Ant of Aesop’s Fable â€Å"The Ant and the Grasshopper† sees no other ways for himself as the only hard work. There is the only way to survive. He has to. He does. The majority of people on earth follow him in the same way, let alone those struggling to make both ends meet all the time. Besides, in modern society where consumption is highly valued it happens that it is workers’ dependence on purchases what â€Å"determines how much work they do† (according to â€Å"Working too hard†, The Press). Regardless of the variety of necessities, those people alike the slaves who have no alternatives. Another reason why people work is to obtain benefits, which may vary from person to person. Generally, people in this group might focus on calculation any possible profit from work they do. There may be the steps of career or certain earnings, or tax rates. Whatever the motive, it aims to conform to employee’s expectations, so these interests are self-centred. Such workers tend to always think they contribute enough; therefore, to be rewarded is one of the privileges of theirs. Similarly, some Christians perform a definite behaviour in theirs life, waiting on the bounty. In this case they are alike the employees of kind the described group. People depicted in both paragraphs make all their efforts in order to achieve personal premium. They work to live. Finally, the last group of incentives to work represents the immaterial qualities that people possess. â€Å"Life is given to us for doing good deeds†, teaches us folk wisdom. For some of the people all of the time there is no question why to work; they are convinced – for the good of the commonwealth. A feeling of a moral duty inspires them. In the history of USSR there were great examples of altruistic work: people were eager to move into extremely remote places of the country in order to break new ground. They were full of endeavour and enthusiasm to secure the future of new generations. At the same time, there is a type of people who work because they are devoted to it – their passion. They may continue to work in their spare time as well, being absolutely satisfied. These people sacrifice their heart and soul. They live to work. To sum up, there is diversity of reasons that prompt people to work and it is entirely possible that they can be intermixed in each particular case. However, alike in an organism every part is vital, all kind of workers are essential in our society as well. There is for the purpose of bringing good balance into its existence. How to cite Why Do People Work, Essay examples

GWR Group Limited Australian Stock Exchange

Question: Discuss about theGWR Group Limited for Australian Stock Exchange. Answer: Introduction The company about which the report discusses is GWR Group Limited, an Australian company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. It is a well-funded resource house that is engaged mainly into iron ore and mineral based projects either in the form of various joint ventures or even via investing into other companies which are listed. It is a twelve year old company on the ASX, listed in the year 2004. Initially it ventured into exploration and extraction of gold and furthered their work into the iron-ore sector as well. As per recent records the company has entered into exploration of tungsten mineral (gwrgroup.com.au. 2016). GWR has recently taken up an iron-ore project and faced certain challenges while working on the same but it fought those challenges bravely and with due courage. The most sought after step taken by the company is its timely action to deal with the deteriorating market scenario of the mineral sector. It is very evident from the fact that GWR had restricted its exploration costs at Wiluna West Iron-Ore Project since 2013 which clearly shows how well informed the management is of the external factors which may impact the companys profitability statement. In Western part of the continent the company is exploring for the DSO iron ore at its Earaheedy Iron project. Recently GWR has entered into a Heads of Agreement with Arunta Resources Limited, an ASX listed entity. It is a joint venture wherein the company has a 50% interest in the Hatches Creek Tungsten project in the northern territory of the island. However the most highly regarded project of GWR which makes it stand out in Australia amongst the other mineral based companies is its Wiluna West Iron-Ore Project which assures to produce a very high quality iron ore containing impurities at its minimal. Apart from the above two there are various other projects taken up by the company such as West Peak Iron Ltd which is situated in Africa and concentrates on exploring iron-ore, Tungsten Mining NL wherein it provides the company management and technical help and Earaheedy Iron manganese Project to name a few. Lastly due to a depressed market for commodities in Australia, the company decided to form a 100% subsidiary of its named RWG Minerals Pty. Ltd. which basically had the work of exploring for opportunities in the Western part of the island. It enabled to discover those areas of operations which are presently not held by any one and can be acquired by applying for tenements. This helped GWR to continue its development process in a depressed economic environment as well. Thus just within a decades time GWR has established substantial foothold in the area of exploring commodities such as iron, tungsten, manganese etc. Statement of Financial Position The financial statements connotes the position of the assets and liabilities of an entity as on a particular date. It records the summary of account balances such as that of sundry debtors, creditors, short term and long term borrowings, fixed assets etc. Therefore in simple terms it shows the equity position of an entity which is nothing but a difference between the assets and the liabilities (www.wiley.com, 2013). The financial statement as on 30 June 2015 indicates the companys current asset, non-current asset, current liability, non-current liability and the equity status of the company for the current as well as the previous year. Thus on reviewing the balance sheet of GWR the following data is derived: Total Current Asset: $14879344 Total Non-current Asset: $17546371 Total Current Liabilities: $483275 Total Non-Current Liabilities: $739099 Total Stockholders Equity: $31687616 On comparing the above data with that of the previous year the following conclusions are derived: The total current asset in the year 2014 was $18799480, therefore there is a decrease in the current assets position by 20.85% (Approx). The current asset position of a company clearly indicates the amount of the assets which can be easily converted to cash and its equivalent within a period of one year. Therefore they enable to meet the daily working capital needs of the entity. Thus a significant decrease in the current asset position of the entity shows that its present liquidity state is not too good and the company may face little problem in meeting its working capital requirements. The Non-Current assets position has also decreased from $18042631 to $17546371, thus a decrease of 2.83% (Approx) is seen. The decrease is basically due to a sale of the long term shares held by the company of various companies listed in the ASX. Thus the companys long term asset position is very strong and the entity has just simply changed its point of view of financing (Harper, 2010). The previous years current liability position of the company was at $397007, which has increased by 21.73% which is not a very good sign. There is a significant increase in the provisions made by the company which is basically due to an increase in the employee entitlements which may be due to an increase in the number of employees. The non-current liabilities of the company has reduced by 20% which shows tht the entity has the ability to meet up its liabilities Further it is to be understood that the companys current ratio is at a very safe position as it is not much into debts. Thus the financial position is very healthy. There had been no changes in the shareholders equity but for the increase in the accumulated loss by around $500000 i.e by 3% which is very minimal and is due to a significant dip in the interest income of the company, however the same is short term and is subject to revision (Jun, 2013). Thus on studying the financial position of the company, it is very evident that the companys state of affairs is a healthy one as it is not indebted to any outside financial institution or banks for its funds. It is mainly funded by own capital. However the company has not being dividends from two years now yet the shareholders are content with the same due to its continuous expansion strategies. Further to this certain ratios will enable to analyse the position of the company in a more elaborate manner. Ratio Analysis of Various Items of the Balance Sheet TYPE OF RATIO 2015 2014 LIQUIDITY RATIOS Current Ratio 30.78 47.35 Quick Ratio 30.55 47.00 SOLVENCY RATIOS Debt to asset ratio NA NA Debt to capital ratio NA NA Debt to equity ratio NA NA An ideal current ratio is that of 1, and in case of GWR the current ratio is much above that which clearly shows that the companys assets are more than sufficient for paying off the debts of the company and at the same time the shareholders wealth also increases (Bajkowski, 1999). Although both the current and the quick ratio has deteriorated from 2014 to 2015 yet the same shows a very healthy state of affairs of GWR (GWR Annual Report 2015). Dilution of the capital base is a very important issue for all entities to deal with and in the case of GWR the same is not a problem at all. Since the company does not have debt funds therefore there does not arise any question of a debt asset ratio or other solvency ratios. There is no harm to the solvency or the going concern concept of t GWR. Stockholder's Equity As per AASB 101, it is mandatory for GWR to publish a separate statement of changes in equity fund. Thus the various components of the Shareholders Equity presented in the annual report of GWR along with the details of the previous years balance is enumerated as under: There has been no issue of fresh ordinary shares by the company. Thus the number of ordinary shares has been restricted to 240178059 fully paid shares for the year 2014 and 2015. The statement also clearly shows that the company prefers to maintain a very low cost of capital which is a positive sign towards ensuring development and restricting dilution of the ownership of the company (Kothari, 2004). Present year the company has given no options to exercise and thus the option reserve remains unchanged for the two years The investment revaluation reserve has decreased by 61% (Approx) from (125308) to (48450) which is due to impairment loss recognized by GWR. There has been no changes in the foreign currency translation reserveet.al. 2009) (Robinson, The companys accumulated losses has decreased by 21.69% (Approx) which is a positive sign though it is still running into losses equivalent to $4528569 which entails the accumulated losses of the company to $148372740. Statement of Profit and Loss The data derived from the income statement of a company which enables to provide the investors and the owners of a company, how well it is performing as compared to the previous years performance is mentioned below: PARTICULARS 2015 (in $) 2014 (in $) Total Operating revenues 906209 884809 Cost of Goods Sold NA NA Total Expenses (before income taxes) (5434778) (6667912) Non-Operating gain or loss NA NA Earnings per common share (1.89) (2.41) The income statement per se the company seems to be a loss making entity and hence not lucrative for investment purposes. The operating income has dipped marginally by 2.42% only but the company is still running into huge losses to the extent $4528569, due to which the share value is also diminishing and is in the negative 1.89 per share in cents. Although as compared to the previous year it has performed better as the EPS has improved significantly by almost 22%. Apart from the above certain ratio analysis will enable to give us a better overview of the performance of the company (Gill, Chatton, 2001). They are as under: TYPE OF RATIO 2015 2014 PROFITABILITY RATIO Net Profit Margin (4.99) (6.53) Return on Assets (0.13) (0.14) Return on Equity (0.13) (0.15) From the above ratios it is clear that the company has performed well compared to the year 2014 therefore its net profit margin has also increased by 23 percent which is a very optimistic sign (Lan, 2012). Although the net profit margin of the current year is still in the negative but the amount of loss has decreased significantly. GWR has been able to utilize its assets judiciously but not with a stark difference as the return on assets is almost the same as compared with the figures of 2014, i.e. hardly an increase of 7 percent. Similarly the shareholders expectation from the company has also not yielded much results and the return on equity has also not shown any remarkable change. Therefore on viewing the profitability ratios of the entity, GWR does not seem to be a very lucrative company to invest in until and unless its operations are understood in detail ((Grimsley, 2003). Statement of Cash Flow On studying the cash flow position of GWR the following data is extracted: PARTICULARS 2015 2014 Net Cash flow from Operating Activities (3796226) (5346387) Net Cash Flow from Investing Activities (110116) (291960) Net Cash Flow from financing Activities - (425052) Net increase / (decrease) in cash during the year (3906342) (6063399) The cash flow statement of an entity simply shows how the company has utilized its cash and cash equivalent in conducting operating, investing as well as financing activities. Therefore this statement guides the investor to analyse whether the entity has been able to generate any cash from its operating activities so as to be able to meet its working capital requirements and whether it has the ability to pay dividends. Hence the net result of the cash from operating activities enables to understand how much liquid cash the entity has with it (Fridson, Alvarez, 2011). Further to this cash from investing activities help us to know the type of investments the company has made and what investments are no longer a part of the balance sheet of the entity. Thus investing activities basically enables to generate cash in future by investing in fixed assets etc. Therefore a negative cash from such an activity is preferred. The next section of a cash flow statement is the cash from financing a ctivity which entails to detail the amount spent on borrowing of funds and repaying of existing debts (Vitez, 2014). On reviewing the cash flow statement of GWR it is very evident that the company is performing well as its operating cash flow has increased by a good 30 percent which is a huge jump for a loss making entity (Shelton, 2012). Therefore there is a clear indication that the company has been able to generate enough cash so as to sustain its day to day operations. Presently the company has not made any significant investment in fixed assets and the same has declined by 63 percent which is not a favourable sign. If the company restricts investment in revenue generating assets then the company will not be able to generate adequate profits. Lastly the company has not borrowed any funds in the current year which is a very significant point for the determination fo the health of GWR. It clearly shows that GWR prefers to utilize its financial resources judiciously and put the east amount of pressure on the debt section of the liability side of the balance sheet. Also it has not issued any furthe r shares in the current year as it supposes that the present cash being generated is enough for the company to perform well thus saving on the cost of issuing shares and the interest expense as well (Damodaran, 2015). Conclusion On a summarizing note, it is very evident that GWR is a very lucrative company to invest in because of the number of projects it has in hand. Although it is a loss making company but what is important is whether the companys loss is increasing or the same is decreasing and from its income statement it is clear that the loss is decreasing but not at an increasing rate. Its expansion policies of venturing into new areas of mineral exploration will definitely yield good results but will take time as these are long gestation projects. Therefore the nature of the companys operations makes it wary tot he fact that the projects undertaken by GWR is profitable but the real picture of profitability will be visible only after a long span. Thus at its brim the company seems to be a loss making entity wherein the shareholders wealth does not find any room for increment but on studying the various projects and tasks undertaken by GWR, it definitely is a good stock to invest in for the long run. It is bound to yield results once the projects start earning revenues. Another most striking factor which is rare in most of these heavy industry specific companies is the dependence on debt funds but GWR is more concerned about maintaining and utilizing the present equity capital and thus does not have any debts in its balance sheet. Thus overall one can invest in GWR but after say another year or so once the financial position improves a bit and its loss gets reduced further. Recommendations I would like to strongly recommend that all long term prospective investors should wait and watch the performance of the company till its profitability position betters a little. Further it is not a lucrative stock for the short term investors and due to losses the company may not be able to yield nearby profits. Further to this a strong recommendation would go in for the management of GWR as well who should concentrate upon the top line of the company which is being hampered. By just entering into exploration and mining of minerals without yielding results is risky as the said sector is too much under influence of the political and the economical scenario of Australia. The company has unfortunately not shifted its stance towards making profits from developing GWR into a resource house. It has ended up laying off people which is a negative indication and the same should be dealt with carefully. Therefore it is high time that it should concentrate upon its prift margins more than its expansion policies References Bajkowski, J., (1999), Financial Statement Analysis : A Look at the Balance Sheet, AAII Journal, Available at, https://www.aaii.com/journal/article/financial-statement-analysis-a-look-at-the-balance-sheet (Accessed 21st September 2016) Damodaran, A., (2015), Financial Statement Analysis , Available at https://people.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/pdfiles/invphiloh/finstatement.pdf (Accessed 21st September 2016) Fridson, M.S., Alvarez, F.,( 2011), Financial Statement Analysis : A Practitioners Guide, 4th Edition, John Wiley Sons: USA Gill, J.O., Chatton, M., (2001), Financial Analysis The Next Step, Revised Edition, Axzo Press: USA Grimsley,S., (2003), Profitability Ratio : Definition , Formula , Analysis Example, Available at , https://study.com/academy/lesson/profitability-ratio-definition-formula-analysis-example.html (Accessed 21st September 2016) gwrgroup.com.au., (2016), GWR- Who we are, Available at https://gwrgroup.com.au/ (Accessed 21st September 2016) GWR Annual Report 2015., (2015), GWR Annual Report 2015, Available at file:///C:/Users/E-ZONE/Downloads/GWR_Annual_Report_2015_ASX_1%20(1).pdf (Accessed 21st September 2016) Harper, D., (2010), Advanced Financial Statement Analysis, Available at https://i.investopedia.com/inv/pdf/tutorials/financialstatements.pdf (Accessed 21st September 2016) Jun, J., (2013), 20 Balance Sheet Ratios for Businesses and to determine a companys health, Available at https://www.oldschoolvalue.com/blog/valuation-methods/balance-sheet-ratios/ (Accessed 21st September 2016) Kothari, S.P.,(2004),Financial Statement Analysis, Available at https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-511-financial-accounting-summer-2004/lecture-notes/lec8.pdf (Accessed 21st September 2016) Lan, J., (2012), 16 Financial Ratios for Analysing a Companys Strengths and Weaknesses, AAII Journals, Available at https://www.aaii.com/journal/article/16-financial-ratios-for-analyzing-a-companys-strengths-and-weaknesses.touch (Accessed 21st September 2016) Liston, H., (2014), How to read and analyse an Income Statement, Available at , https://articles.bplans.com/how-to-read-an-income-statement/ (Accessed 21st September 2016) Robinson, T.R., Greuning, H.V., Henry, E., Broihahn, M.A., 2009, International Financial Statement Analysis, John Wiley Sons Inc: USA Shelton, M.V., (2012), Evaluating a Statement of Cash Flows, Available at https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1012/evaluating-a-statement-of-cash-flows.aspx (Accessed 21st September 2016) www.wiley.com, (2013), understanding Accounting Information: Chapter 13, The Cash Flow Statement and Decision, pp. 492-535, available at https://www.wiley.com/college/bcs/0471238236/king/ch13.pdf (Accessed 21st September 2016) Vitez, O., (2014), Financial Statement Analysis Tool, Available at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/financial-statement-analysis-tools-3776.html (Accessed 21st September 2016)

People Of The Setting Sun Essays - The Setting Sun, Naoji

People Of The Setting Sun Close inspection of The Setting Sun by Dazai Osamu allows one to see a particular family battle changing times that are affecting a whole nation of people. Paralleled in many ways by the author's own reality, we see how this deep message is more than just a fiction story. As a nation, Japan had just surrendered to the U.S. ending their participation in WWII. With the end of this battle, a new one on the home front began. In a sense, the tradition of Japan died with the war; there is a definite passing of a generation/era of people. The country is now caught in a state of shock as they try to piece together new lives. This is by no means a simple task when tradition is pulling from one side and an influx of modern ways and ideas are pulling from the other. Through the analyzation of Mother, Kazuko, and Naoji, the notion of a nation struggling to grasp a new modern identity while coping with the decline of a social order that has stood strong for so many years is unfolded from beginnin g to end creating mixed feelings of hope and depression for the people of the setting sun. Due to WWII, Kazuko and her mother must leave Tokyo and establish residents in nearby village. Kazuko's brother, Naoji, has been fighting in the war and upon its conclusion, comes home to his sister and mother with a terrible drug addiction. Naoji has an artist friend who acts as a mentor/drinking buddy. The death of the mother shows the passing of a generation, and the suicide of Naoji exemplifies the feelings of depression and hopelessness that float over Japan. Kazuko becomes the heroin of the story when she creates a positive experience in the middle of this chaotic time. She bears a child which acts as a symbol for a fresh start and new hope during a time when that is just what is needed. The beginning scene of the novel is a great description for the type of women that Mother was. By explaining how she eats her soup or wee wee's in the garden, we can see that she is looked at by her children as being a good aristocrat. She had class, but was not afraid to act in her own ways. Eventually people were forced to take care of her due to her failing health, but never once do you see her attitude change to the negative. As she began to die, she never complained at all about her condition. She is among the last of a generation of good aristocrats; her ideals and morals about how life should be lived are dying with her, while the ways of the new times are rushing in with the new aristocracy. Victims. Victims of a transitional period of morality. That is what we both certainly are. She takes pride in the fact that she has allowed her children a connection to the good of the old days while they attempt to handle the transition into the modern world. This is evident in the way t hat she treats Naoji on his arrival back home. He receives the same amount of love as Kazuko even while he blatantly disrespects and defiles his body and culture. Her death creates a new life in Kazuko, while playing a part in the ultimate death of her son. Her role in dying sums up her role in the novel, as her pulse was being taken by the nurse, watched over by Naoji and myself, her two children, my beautiful mother, who was the last lady in Japan. Kazuko has lived with her mother from beginning to the end. She has treasured the time spent with last of the true aristocrats. When the war has ended, she has to deal with so many issues that a feeling of despair seems to lurk over her character. She makes it clear that love and revolution are what makes the people go, Before the war, even during the war, we were convinced of it. Since the defeat, however, we no longer trust the older and wiser heads and have come to feel that the opposite

SAT Writing Free writing practice tests and essay writing tips

SAT Writing Free writing practice tests and essay writing tips SAT Writing

Newspaper Sections and Terms

Newspaper Sections and Terms Many people become interested in reading the newsaper as young adults. Students may be required to read the newspaper to search for current events or to research sources. The newspaper can be daunting for beginners. These terms and tips can help readers understand the parts of a newspaper and help them decide what information could be helpful when conducting research. Front Page The first page of a newspaper includes the title, all the publication information, the index, and the main stories that will capture the most attention. The major story of the day will be placed in the most prominent position and contain a large, bold-faced headline. The topic could be of a national scope or it could be a local story. Folio The folio includes the publication information and is often located under the name of the paper. This information includes the date, volume number, and price. News Article A news article is a report on an event that has taken place. Articles may include a byline, body text, photo, and caption. Typically, newspaper articles that appear closest to the front page or within the first section are those that editors consider to be the most important and relevant to their readers. Feature Articles Feature articles report about an issue, person, or event with added depth and more background details. Byline A byline appears at the beginning of an article and gives the writers name. Editor An editor decides what news will be included in each paper and determines where it will appear according to relevance or popularity. The editorial staff determines content policy and creates a collective voice or view. Editorials An editorial is an article written by the editorial staff from a specific perspective. The editorial will offer the newspapers view of an issue. Editorials should not be used as a main source of a research paper, because they are not objective reports. Editorial Cartoons Editorial cartoons have a long and fascinating history. They offer an opinion and convey a message about an important issue in an amusing, entertaining, or poignant visual depiction. Letters to the Editor These are letters sent from readers to a newspaper, usually in response to an article. They often include strong opinions about something the newspaper has published. Letters to the editor should not be used as objective sources for a research paper, but they could prove valuable as quotes to demonstrate a point of view. International News This section contains news about other countries. It may address relationships between two or more countries, political news, information about wars, droughts, disasters, or other events that impact the world in some way. Advertisements Obviously, an advertisement is a section that is purchased and designed for selling a product or idea. Some advertisements are obvious, but some can be mistaken for articles. All advertisements should be labeled, although that label might appear in small print. Business Section This section contains business profiles and news reports about the state of commerce. You can often find reports about new inventions, innovation, and advances in technology. Stock reports appear in the business section. This section could be a good resource for a research assignment. It will include statistics and profiles of people who have made an impact on the economy. Entertainment or Lifestyle The section names and traits will differ from paper to paper, but lifestyle sections typically offer interviews of popular people, interesting people, and people who make a difference in their communities. Other information concerns health, beauty, religion, hobbies, books, and authors.

Health and Health Care Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health and Health Care Policy - Essay Example s preventive care and specialized medical services to patients admitted in hospitals and also for those patients who are being transferred by ambulances. NHS also covers dental and mental care along with rehabilitation. Measures have been adopted to alleviate costs to prevent undue pressure on certain section of the society. Cost of conveyance to and from medical centers for low income people are covered by the government. The first step that a patient can take is to consult a General Physician (GP) who can then prescribe for secondary care services. General Physicians get paid by salary, capitation and service fees under primary care trusts. Hospitals which are organised by NHS trusts are controlled by the Department of Health (â€Å"The UK Health Care System†, 1). In UK there are several bodies set up for the purpose of monitoring and assessing the quality of health care services provided by the public and private providers. This is done by the process of regular assessment of key areas of health care and if necessary recommendations are made for the best practices. A new framework has been introduced in 2004 to assess the health care service provided by the GPs. They are awarded with points based on how well they organize their practices and how the patients evaluate their surgical experiences. Other things that are considered are extra services provided by the GPs like â€Å"child health and maternity† and how chronic diseases like asthma and diabetes are treated. (â€Å"The UK Health Care System†, 2) The major function of National Health Service has always been to find means to improve efficiency of health care service. The UK government has set up Gershon Efficiency Program to improve efficiency of health care service. The activities of the program include â€Å"front-line productivity, centralizing procurement to obtain more cost-effective deals, reductions in the costs of both NHS provider and central administration and increasing the efficiency of social care

Pathophysiology Of The Bubonic Plague Term Paper

Pathophysiology Of The Bubonic Plague - Term Paper Example Of these the most common form in bubonic plague (WHO, 2011) and this will be discussed in this essay. Pathogenesis Yersinia pestis is an anerobic facultative gram-negative intracellular bacillus (Dufel, 2009). The organism is mainly transmitted from host to human beings through bite of a vector. The host is usually rodent and vector is flea. Other sources of transmission are close contact with body fluids or tissues contaminated or infected with the organism and inhalation of aerosolized bacteria. There are more than 200 different rodents and these serve as hosts. the vector flea is Xenopsylla cheopis (Dufel, 2009). So far, about 30 different species of flea have been identified (Dufel, 2009). Other carriers of plague causing bacillus include human lice and ticks. there are certain rodents that are resistant to infection like deer mice and wood rates. These however form an enzootic stage in which the bacillus survives long-term. Sometimes, the fleas transfer the pathogenic bacteria t o animals that are susceptible to the disease like ground squirrels. Whenever large number of host animals die, the hungry fleas search new sources of food. This is the epizootic stage and this stage helps spread of organisms to newer territory. When human beings are infected from wild animals, a sylvtic stage occurs. Most carnivores are resistant to the disease, but they can act as transfer vectors. Birds, reptiles, hoofed animals and fish are resistant to the disease (Dufel, 2009). Virulent plague-causing organism survive in soil, grains, animal carcasses, flea feces, dried sputum and buried bodies (Ayyadurai et al, 2008). 80- 85 percent cases are bubonic form (Dufel, 2009). Bubonic plague is caused by deposition of the bacillus in the skin because of the bite of flea. The bacillus proliferates in the esophagus of the flea, preventing the entry of food into the stomach, This causes starvation and to overcome this, the flea starts sucking blood. In the process of swallowing, recoil ing of the distended bacillus-packed esophagus occurs, thus depositing bacillus into the skin of the victim. The bacillus then invades the lymphoid tissue near the site of bite, producing bubos which are nothing but lymph nodes that have become necrotic, inflamed and hemorrhagic due to pathophysiology of the disease. Untreated bubonic plague can eventually lead to bacteremia and septicaemia. The bacillus has the capacity to seed every organ, including the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys and even the meninges. The most virulent form of plague is the pneumonic plague. This occurs when the bacilli get deposited in the vasculature. In this condition, there occurs early dissemination and no bubo formation is seen. Such a pathology is seen when the bite occurs in regions of high vascularity like tonsils, pharynx and oral mucosa (Dufel, 2009). Epidemiology The disease is endemic in several countries in the world like Africa, Asia, the Americas and the former Soviet Union. According to WHO (2 011), " in 2003, 9 countries reported 2118 cases and 182 deaths. 98.7% of those cases and 98.9% of those deaths were reported from Africa." The distribution of plague endemicity depends on the geographical distribution of the natural foci of infection, the small animals and fleas (WHO, 2011). Bubonic plague has occurred as several epidemics in the world. The first recorded epidemic was during the 6th century in the

Special Education Needs Essay Example for Free

Special Education Needs Essay Ronald Gulliford and Graham Upton say that special educational needs (SEN) came in use as a result of dissatisfaction: The term special educational needs began to come into use in the late 1960s as a result of increasing dissatisfaction with the terminology used in the Handicapped Pupils and School Health Service Regulations (1945), which classified handicapped children into ten categories according to their main handicap. (Gulliford and Upton, 1992). The definition of SEN in the Education Act 1996 is: ‘a child has special educational needs. if he has a learning difficulty which a medical condition does not necessarily imply a ‘difficulty in learning’ or a ‘disability’ and therefore may not constitute a learning difficulty requiring special educational provision’. Tomko (1996) defined inclusion in education as ‘ the act of attending regular education classes, with the supports and services needed to successfully achieve the individual’s IEP goals, while actively participating in activities as a member of the class who belongs’. The writer believes inclusion is a desired state to be achieved, that may or may not occur by simple placement alone. It is an ongoing process. I believe that unless a child has sense of identity with the class, and unless he or she has the supports and services needed and is reaching his or her IEP goals then inclusion has not been achieved. 2. 0 AREA CHOSEN The writer is currently working at School X, a school in Malaysia and she finds that an element of provision that possesses a barrier to the learning and participation of some students in the school is teaching assistant. The barrier that is faced by School X in connection with teaching assistant to support SEN students is teaching assistant in School X do not clearly understand their roles and responsibilities. Thus, will they to be able to play their roles and responsibilities towards SEN students? Besides that, teaching assistant in school X do not have the necessary knowledge and skills in identifying and handling with Special Educational Needs students. Thus, will the teaching assistant(TA) be able to handle emergency cases involving SEN students or will the TA cause a worse situation which may lead to the SEN student being injured or harmed. The writer chose teaching assistant as an element of provision that possesses a barrier to support SEN and Inclusive education in her school because she personally feels that teaching assistant plays a vital role in dealing with students with SEND. Groom, B. and R. Rose supports the researcher’s statement that a teacher assistant (TA) plays an important role in supporting pupils with SEN: The role of the TA has undergone something of a transformation from the time when classroom assistants were seen as ‘an extra pair of hands’ in the classroom to the present day where they are perceived to have a more professional role. (Groom, B. and R. Rose, 2005) 3. 0 RESEARCH The writer carried out a few informal interviews with the school staff and among the barriers listed to support SEN students in school X, she finds the barrier of a teacher assistant an interesting aspect to research on. The writer was a teacher assistant in school X for a year and she is keen to know how as a teacher assistant she could have assisted SEN students. Based on the writer’s observation and interview with the school staff, the writer found out that in school X there is no full-time teacher assistant in all reception and primary grades. A school with SEN students requires at least one assistant teacher in all the reception and primary classrooms. The writer personally feels that it is essential for all the reception and primary level classrooms to have a full – time teacher assistant because it may affect a SEN student if there is a frequent change in the teacher assistant of a classroom. A SEN student may need to adapt to a new TA each time there is a change in the TA of the classroom and this may affect a SEN Child’s learning behaviour and attitude in classroom. Thus, the writer strongly believes that in order to support SEN students, a full time teacher assistant is important. The teachingexpertise (no date) claims that teacher assistant ‘are often required to work with learners who have special educational needs, either individually or in small groups, and are used to help interpret the class material and ensure students stay focused during teaching sessions’ (teachingexpertise, no date). Thus, if there are no full-time TA in school X, then how is it possible for SEN students to have one to one assistants. Besides that, based on a few informal interviews with teacher assistant in school X, the researcher identified that teacher assistant in school X does not clearly understand their roles and responsibilities towards SEN students. Thus, how are the TA in school X able to support SEN students when they are not briefed and explained on their duties and responsibilities? TA in school X also does not know how to identify and assess students with SEN, including gifted, talented and slow learners. The writer questioned a few TA whether if there were able to exactly proof and identify a SEN student with no assumptions and the writer received a negative response for her question. TA’s in school X do not have the necessary knowledge and skills in handling with Special Educational Needs and Disability student. The TA’s in the school are neither receiving any special educational needs training so that they can augment the classroom teacher in inclusive education. In addition, TA’s are not provided with institutional support to become more effective in practising inclusive education. According to Adults Supporting Pupils with SEN, teacher assistant will have some typical duties: †¢ Maintaining an up to date file on individual pupil(s) †¢ In high schools, ensuring that individual education plans (IEP’s) are circulated/brought to the attention of subject/form tutors †¢ Contributing to group/individual education plans from knowledge of the child’s/young person’s progress †¢ Helping to gain the child’s/young person’s view of the IEP †¢ Collating relevant information from any other assistants who work with that pupil †¢ Contributing to the Annual Review process. †¢ Attending the Annual Review meeting †¢ Involvement in target setting for the pupil in line with the aims of the IEP. (Adults Supporting Pupils with SEN, 2004) TA’s in school X are not provided with any policy on their duties and responsibilities in supporting SEN students. Thus after much research, the writer feels that school X should have a policy on TA’s role in Supporting SEN and Disability. 4. 0 CONCLUSION School X provides the teacher trainees with continuous professional developments (CPD’s) training once a week. The topic discussed during CPD’s are usually on how to make a more effective IB environment classroom, teaching strategies and approaches and International Baccalaureate (IB) related topics. According to teaching expertise, ‘CPD is strategically focused and integrated with performance management and school improvement, to raise standards of teaching and learning’. Thus, it would be better if SEN and Inclusion is discussed during CPD’s, so that teacher assistant can become more effective in practising inclusive education. Besides that, TA’s should be equipped with the knowledge and skills in handling with Special Educational Needs and Disability students. A TA should be provided with sufficient guidance on how to identify students with SEND, including gifted, talented and slow learners. School X should take full responsibility of providing TA’s employed with sufficient knowledge on SEN and Inclusion before placing them in a classroom. School X should also employ full time teacher assistant not only for the creche and reception but also for the primary grades in order to support SEN students. The writer believes that if School X was to look into the aspect of teacher assistant and provides the entire teacher assistant with the training on SEN and Inclusion, TA would not be a barrier to the learning and participant of SEN students in the school. PART 2 TITLE Part 2 – Critical Reflection A critical reflection on the barrier(s) to learning and provision identified in Part 1. This should explore the strengths and weaknesses of a particular aspect of provision and an analysis of its implications for practice both at institutional and individual levels. This will be informed by literature (research, legislation, policy documentation) and your own evidence. 1. 0 INTRODUCTION The Special Educational Needs Code of Practice (2001) published by the Department for Education states that ‘children have special educational needs if they have a learning difficulty which calls for special educational needs provision to be made for them’. The writer strongly supports the statement as she personally feels a child should not be labeled as a Special Educational Need (SEN) student if he or she does not have a learning difficulty which a SEN term needs to be named for them. Teacher assistants (TA) are supporters of a class teacher or homeroom teacher who ‘works under a teacher’s supervision to give students additional attention and instruction’ (BLS, 2012). A TA plays several roles in an institution: †¢ Provide extra assistance to students with special needs, such as non-English-speaking students or those with physical and mental disabilities. †¢ Supervise students in classrooms, halls, cafeterias, school yards, and gymnasiums, or on field trips. †¢ Tutor and assist children individually or in small groups to help them master assignments and to reinforce learning concepts presented by teachers. †¢ Enforce administration policies and rules governing students. †¢ Discuss assigned duties with classroom teachers to coordinate instructional efforts. †¢ Instruct and monitor students in the use and care of equipment and materials to prevent injuries and damage. †¢ Observe students performance, and record relevant data to assess progress. †¢ Present subject matter to students under the direction and guidance of teachers, using lectures, discussions, or supervised role-playing methods. †¢ Prepare lesson materials, bulletin board displays, exhibits, equipment, and demonstrations. †¢ Organize and supervise games and other recreational activities to promote physical, mental, and social development (BLS, 2012) The writer agrees to the tasks of a teacher assistant as stated in (BLS, 2012), teacher assistant should be able to provide support and help to a student who is categorized as SEN. Thus, a school with SEN students will need teacher assistant in order to support the classroom teacher and the student. The writer is currently teaching Visual Arts for Grade 1 students and on her free periods she assists and observes Reception students at School X, a school in Malaysia. Based on the writer’s observation throughout her experience working in School X, she finds teaching assistant as an element of provision that possesses a barrier to the learning and participation of some students Teaching assistant is a barrier in school X because there are lack of teaching assistant to support SEN students. Teaching assistant who are present in school does not clearly understand the roles and responsibilities that they play for the school, teachers and students. Thus, teaching assistant in school X is unable to play their roles towards SEN students. In addition, teaching assistant in school X does not have the necessary skills and knowledge in identifying and handling SEN students. Thus, how are they going to be able to identify or classify a student as SEN student, gifted or talented student? A wrong assumption on a student can lead to a great impact on his education. The writer chose teaching assistant as the barrier lacking in school X to support SEN students because she is very much keen to know how she as a teaching assistant can support and assist SEN students. 2. 0 STRENGTHS OF HAVING TEACHER ASSISTANT IN SUPPORTING SEN LEARNERS The writer was a TA in school X for more than a year and based on her observation her beliefs that there are several strengths in having a teaching assistant to support SEN learners. First of all, a TA would be a great aid in one to one guidance for SEN learners. A homeroom teacher will not be able to handle a classroom with SEN students all alone without support from additional staff. A TA plays the role to help the homeroom teacher in handling a group of students in the classroom while the homeroom teacher will handle the rest of the students. SEN learners seek for a person whom they are comfortable with or could rely on to request or say a thing. A teacher will not remain in classroom for the whole schooling hours. An average of three to five teachers would enter a classroom per day. Thus, A TA will be the person that a SEN student would look forward for any help or assistance as a TA usually will spend more schooling hours with students compared to any teachers. Besides that, a teacher needs to have a detail observation of the steps or moves taken by a SEN student as every of their movement is meaningful. It is impossible for a teacher to observe and record all the SEN learners’ progress by themselves. Thus, A TA will be needed to support the teacher and also observe students. A TA observation will provide a teacher with additional feedback on a SEN student progress. It would seem to follow from reports of teachers that assigning support staff to particular pupils, usually those with problems of learning, behaviour or attention, would give the pupils more individual attention and help them develop confidence and motivation in their work, good working habits and the willingness to finish off tasks (Blatchford et al., 2009a). It is a sensible solution to have a teacher assistant in supporting SEN learners as the teacher can then attend to the rest of the class without interruption. This is a productive arrangement for teachers and seems also to be having a positive effect in terms of pupil engagement, classroom control, and measures of confidence, motivation, independence, and good relationships with other pupils (Blatchford et al. , 2009a). 3. 0 WEAKNESSES OF HAVING TEACHER ASSISTANT IN SUPPORTING SEN LEARNERS The writer belief’s that having a TA in the classroom does have its weaknesses too. The writer’s belief is supported by TeachingTimes (No Date) where it states that a new report from the Institute of Education proofed those students from primary and secondary level whom receives supports from teaching assistant, show less progress than a student of the similar ability. Finn, Gerber, Farber, and Achilles (2000), on the basis of data from the often –cited Tennessee STAR project, found that there was no compensatory effect of having extra staff in larger (‘regular’) classes, a result similar to that of Reynolds and Muijs (2003). Klassen (2001) found that students with SEN who were assigned additional support for literacy made less progress than their unsupported peers. Giangreco et al. , in a series of publications, have argued that overreliance on one-to-one paraprofessional supports leads to a wide range of detrimental effects on pupils (e. g. , Giangreco et al. , 2005) Schlapp et al. (2003) identify the benefits of classroom assistants more in terms of the range of learning experiences provided and effects on pupil motivation, confidence and self esteem, and found less effect on pupil progress. On the other hand there is a well established concern that TAs can encourage dependency, e. g. , because they prioritise outcomes of activities rather than encouraging pupils to think for themselves (Moyles and Sushitsky, 1997). There are also concerns that support staff can have negative effects on pupils’ learning identity, e. g. , in terms of interference with ownership and responsibility, separation from classmates (Giangreco et al. , 1997).  ofsted (2004) suggest that TAs may be less likely to stress understanding and skills and ‘This was common reason why a significant number of pupils with SEN made too little progress, despite good teaching to the majority of the class (2004, p16). 4. 0 IMPLICATION OF HAVING TEACHING ASSISTANT AT INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL A TA does not only guide and assist SEN students in classroom or a teacher in reducing her workload, a TA also needs to play his or her roles and responsibilities towards the school. There are many tasks that a TA can play in an institute in order to aid the school staffs and support the development of the school. On the other hand, the school should also clearly understand the roles and responsibilities that a TA can play in the school and not overload them with additional task where it results in a TA being unable to accomplish his or her task as a teaching assistant in the classroom. One of the tasks that a TA can do at institutional level is to help the school staffs in decorating and creating an environment in connection to an upcoming event or festival. The writer as a TA has supported the school by decorating the school for festival such as Chinese New Year and Deepavali. The writer has also decorated the school for an environment of Celebration of Learning (COL). COL in school X means a celebration where its students oriented as parents are invited to view and observe students work and progress. The writer has decorated the school for exhibition purposes too where parents and invited guest are welcomed to the school. Besides that, the writer as a TA has helped the school in making events a successful one. The writer has come to school after working hours for special occasions in order to ensure the task allocated to her is completed. Duties which she has done as a school staff in school X are gate duty and ushering parents to specified allocations on Parent’s Day. 5. 0 IMPLICATION OF HAVING TEACHING ASSISTANT AT INDIVIDUAL LEVEL The impact of having a teacher assistant at individual level is countless. There are good and bad of having a teacher assistant to support SEN learners. The good impact of having a teacher assistant at individual level is a SEN learner will be able to receive one to one attention and guidance from teaching assistant. Thus, an individual will be able to progress at a faster rate and catch up to the pace of rest of the students in the classroom in a shorter period. The writer was assisting for a year in Grade 1 and based on her personal observation and some research, she and her homeroom teacher identified a SEN learner in the classroom. They did not label the child or exclude the child from participating in several activities conducted in the classroom as they did not want to classify the child into any terms. The writer and the homeroom teacher believed that if they were to provide the child with additional guidance and support, they child would surely show progress and improvement. Additional guidance and support was provided by the writer as the homeroom teacher handled the rest of the students. The writer assisted the student by breaking down task given by the teachers into smaller instruction and instructing the child using a simple terms including more of body language for the student to understand the instruction. The writer and the homeroom teacher succeeded in their hard work of making the student to progress as towards the end of the term, the child showed improvement in communication skills and writing skills. On the other hand, a teaching assistant can be harmful to a SEN learner if there are not filled with the essential knowledge and skills in identifying, assisting and guiding a SEN learner. Thus, to place a teaching assistant with insufficient knowledge on SEN would affect the academic progress and development of a SEN learner. 6. 0 CONCLUSION. In a nutshell, teaching assistant has many roles and responsibilities to be played not only at individual level but also at institutional level. A teaching assistant should clearly understand their roles and responsibilities before playing their roles as a misunderstanding in their task would create a great impact to the school and also students. The writer feels that in supporting and assisting SEN learners, a teaching assistant’s main aim is to assist the SEN learner with the objective and aim of showing and proving a progressive development of a SEN learner and not focusing on the completion of task. The writer as an individual who has experienced being a teaching assistant personally and strongly beliefs that a TA should not be misused and given additional task which results in TA being unable to fully do his or her roles and responsibilities towards the students. A TA’s main focus should be towards assisting students and not school work. The writer beliefs that if a TA is provided with all the necessary knowledge and skills n identifying SEN learners, a TA would be a great help in supporting, assisting and guiding SEN students towards the right path. BIBILIOGRAPHY A ND REFERENCING. Adults Supporting Pupils with SEN, (2004) The role of the Assistant, Available at: http://www. wakefield. gov. uk/NR/rdonlyres/D391ED9E-2BE4-4CC5-829F-953C07157DFB/0/Adults_Supporting, (accessed: 03/10/2012) Blatchford, P. , Bassett, P. , Brown, P. , et al. (2009a) The impact of support staff in schools, Deployment and Impact of Support Staff (DISS) Project. (Strand 2 Wave 2), DCSF Research Report 148 (London, Department for Children, Schools and Families), Available at: http://www. ioe. ac. uk/DISS_Strand_2_Wave_2_Report. pdf, (accessed: 29/10/12) Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, (2012) Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-13 Edition, Teacher Assistants, Available at: http://www. bls. gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/teacher-assistants. htm, (accessed: 29/10/12) Department for Education and Skills, (2001) Special Educational Needs: Code of Practice, DfES0581, London: DfES Publications, Available at: https://www. education. gov. uk/publications/standard/publicationDetail/Page1/DfES%200581%202001#downloadableparts, (accessed 29/10/12) Education Act 1996, Chapter 56, (1996) London: HMSO, Available at: http://planipolis. iiep. unesco. org/upload/Malaysia/Malaysia_Education_Act_1996. pdf, (accessed: 03/10/2012) Finn,J. D. , Gerber, S. B. , Farber, S. L. Achilles, C. M. (2000) Teacher aides: an alternative to small classes? in: M. C. Wang J. D. Finn (Eds) How small classes help teachers do their best (Philadelphia, PA, Temple University Center for Research in Human Development), Available at:: http://psycnet. apa. org/journals/edu/97/3/454/, (accessed: 30/10/2012) Giangreco, M. F. , Edelman, S. , Luiselli, T. E. MacFarland, S. Z. C. (1997) Helping or hovering? Effects of instructional assistant proximity on students with disabilities, Exceptional Children, 64, pp. 7-18, Available at: maureenmcquiggan. com/files/Helping_or_Hovering. pdf, (accessed: 30/10/2012) Giangreco, M. F. , Yuan, S. , Mackenzie, B. , Cameron, B. Fialka, J. (2005) ‘Be careful want you wish for ’ Five reasons to be concerned about the assignment of individual paraprofessionals, Exceptional Children, 37(5), pp 28-34, Available at: http://www. uvm. edu/~cdci/parasupport/reviews/giangreco37-5. pdf, (accessed: 30/10/2012) Groom, B. and R. Rose, (2005), ‘Supporting the inclusion of pupils with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties in the primary school: the role of teaching assistants’, in Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 5, (1) pp. 20–30, Available at: http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1471-3802. 2005. 00035. x/full, (accessed: 03/10/2012) Gulliford, R. G. Upton, (ed. ) (1992) Special Educational Needs, London: Routledge, Available at: http://books. google. com. my/books? id=InjfpvVYbSECpg=PA218lpg=PP1ots=OrRgxw8lBddq=special+educational+needs, (accessed: 03/10/2012) Klassen, R. (2001). After the statement: Reading progress made by secondary students with specific literacy difficulty provision, Educational Psychology in Practice, 17(2), pp121 – 133, Available at: http://www. schoolsupportstaff. net/publications/otherpubs/aera_paper. pdf , (accessed: 30/10/2012) Moyles, J. Suschitzky, W. (1997) The employment and deployment of classroom support staff: head teachers’ perspectives, Research in Education, 58, pp21-34, Available at: http://www. uwl. ac. uk/files/instil/SoTL%20Abstracts%202010. pdf, (accessed: 30/10/2012) Office for Standards in Education (2004) Remodelling the school workforce: Phase 1 (London, Office for Standards in Education), Available at: www. ofsted. gov. uk/resources/remodelling-school-workforce-phase-, (accessed: 30/10/2012) Reynolds, D. Muijs, D. (2003) The Effectiveness of the use of learning support assistants in improving the mathematics achievement of low achieving pupils in primary school, Educational Research, 45(3), pp219-230, Available at:: http://www. fisme. science. uu. nl/staff/christianb/downloads/p1-11759185. pdf, (accessed: 30/10/2012) Schlapp, U. , Davidson, J. Wilson, V. (2003) An ‘extra pair of hands’?! managing classroom assistants in Scottish primary schools, Educational Management and Administration, 31(2), pp189-205, Available at: www. edupa. uva. es/schemesofwork/research/themes/teaching_assistants/WedFeb181416312004/wordfile. doc, (accessed: 30/10/2012) Teachingexpertise, (no date) An introduction to CPD, Available at: http://www. teachingexpertise. com/articles/cpd-teaching-profession_252, (accessed: 03/10/2012) Teachingexpertise, (no date) Meeting the needs of SEN students, Available at: http://www. teachingexpertise. com/articles/meeting-the-needs-of-sen-students-1907, (accessed: 03/10/2012) TeachingTimes, (no date) Pupils Using Teaching Assistants Make Less Progress, Available at: http://www. teachingtimes. com/articles/teaching-assistants-less-progress. htm,

Essay --

ME: I spent nearly 15 years harboring un-forgiveness against an individual. I was 7 years old I lost my Mother .My father was left to raise seven children. We didn’t have much and it showed in my appearance and unkempt hair. I remembered sitting in class one particular day; the teacher asked each of us what we wanted to be when we grew up. When the time came for me to answer I stood up and said that â€Å"I wanted to be a teacher† and she looked at me and said â€Å"you should think of something else more realistic. I had heard hurtful words repeatedly as a child but that day, I was crushed by them. I recall how the entire class laughed and made fun of me and years later I believed that I was never going to amount to anything, and everything I attempted failed. It was as if those words were like a ball and chain on me. My Dad was a weekend alcoholic back then and he worked hard during the week but on the weekends he was never around. My childhood was a very lonely one, I didn’t have any friends, only associates, but there was this guy name Chris, he was a sweet and very nice boy. I use to talk to him from time to time but he was very reserved and was always by himself. I felt badly for him, after all, I felt that we were both misfits. We had become good friends, and even though he wasn’t much of a talker, neither of us seemed to mind, we were just grateful to have the other as a friend. Then one day I learned that he had committed suicide. We hadn’t been friends all that long but he was the only friend I had and I was really hurt, angry, and I even questioned and blamed God for allowing it to happen. I couldn’t understand how he would allow it and I had a hard time dealing with it. I had to get away, so when I turned 18 I decided to ... ...e command, or any Holy words provided, as they are in the other two Sacraments. Also, a foot washing is void of evangelical grace, or pardon of sin, which is why it should not be practiced in the church as Sacrament. I pray that you learned from this study of Jesus’s example, and I pray that God continue to stir us up to live lives which are pleasing in His sight and from which He get all the honor and glory. It was due to this study that I was able to free myself by forgiving the teacher who spoke nothingness into my life and those who made my life a living hell growing up. Immediately when I forgave them I felt as if that ball and chain that was attached to me just broke into and fell off. I no longer receive the report of others; I believe what God said about me. I perform feet washing according to the teaching of Jesus; I just do not perform them as Sacrament.

A Matter of Time

A Matter of Time By Shashi Deshpande. Feminist Press at the CUNY, 1999. Reviewed by Sudha S. Balagopal I first read a A Matter of Time a few years ago, when it was published in India. The book made a deep impression on me, with its sensitive story of rebuilding and hope. After its more recent release in the US, I read it again, enjoying it even more. Very few books can lay claim to that fact for me. In A Matter of Time, a father, named Gopal, with three almost-grown girls, decides he has had enough of marriage and its binding ties, and walks out on his family. In a culture where marriage, to many, is the be-all and end-all of existence, where responsibilities outweigh desires, this expression to be free of all bondage in itself is strange and different to say the least (unless of course, it is for spiritual reasons). Sumi, Gopal’s wife, and his three daughters, seek shelter with her parents. Coincidentally, Sumi's parents themselves have a relationship that is more than strained. They are husband and wife in name only, inhabiting the same house with virtually no communication between the two of them. The three girls, Aru, Charu and Seema are bewildered and adrift. They all want normalcy. But what is normalcy once a father has walked out on his family? Sumi, the mother, is extraordinarily collected, to the point of indifference. How they learn to cope with this dislocation is the story that Deshpande spins for her readers. Ofcourse this is not the only story-it is also the story of all the families that are intimately linked to Sumi's. The one problem I had with A Matter of Time was the abrupt introduction of characters. Deshpande does not describe how some of the people are related to the main character as they come into the picture. In the beginning, I had a problem sorting out the various relationships. And in this I do not mean the central family of Sumi, Gopal and their three daughters. It is all the other family members: the cousins, their children, Gopal’s nephew and his wife and their children, the grandparents’ tenants and a host of others. It is said in India that when you marry a man you marry his whole family. It is the same with Deshpande’s book, where the reader is forced to accept Sumi and her entire clan, including the complex network of her relatives and well-wishers. That fact apart, Deshpande’s characters develop as you read on. The inner workings of a family are examined so clearly, making me see my own family in many parts of the book. The book is also a mirror of a society in transition. The change in Indian society is skillfully elaborated through the different generations in this book; the grandmother Kalyani who is not really educated, Sumi who is educated but doesn’t work outside the home, Sumi’s sister Premi who is a successful doctor, and the young girls Aru, Charu and Seema, who all aspire for careers and independence. The old and the new co-exist in a family that is modern, but with certain old values. With a style that is lilting and gentle, Deshpande draws us into an intricate web of family relationships, without passing judgement on any other characters' deeds. For the reader, however, there is no escaping the clutches of emotion or feeling.

Cultural Effects of Hurricane Katrina Essay

Anyone familiar with New Orleans will not fail to passionately describe to you one of its great rich culture – Jazz! That New Orleans is the cradle of Jazz in the world is an undisputable fact. Yes, Jazz was born in this part of the world in the late 1800’s before spreading to other parts of America and the rest of the world thereafter. In the annual cultural festivals in New Orleans over the years, Jazz was always more or less the heart beat of the whole cultural process. The festivals could not start or finish without Jazz. But boom! This was rudely interrupted in August 29, 2005 when Hurricane Katrina hit home. Within no time over a thousand lives were lost and more than 700,000 people were displaced, with more than 300,000 homes damaged. America had never witnessed such a catastrophe that led to one of the most severe humanitarian crisis it had ever seen (www. weather. com). New Orleans would never be the same again. This traumatic tragedy had a great psychological impact on the victims. Many people and families were separated from their loved ones. These included young children who were separated from their parents and pets. No one’s life was going to be the same again. Within no time families that used to gather in the evening at the dinner table could hardly locate the whereabouts of their loved ones. As such, these lead them to suffer great uncertainty and anxiety. Many residents were quite familiar with the comfort and warmth of their beds after sumptuous evening meal, yet now were hurdled together sleeping on the floor of the crowded Super Dome. No one had experienced this ever before. Families that previously could afford all they wanted were now reduced to paupers living on rations and shelter provided by the government and well-wishers. Schools, factories, hospitals and other important facilities were shut down and no life was the same again. People who were previously running successful businesses, had no businesses to go to anymore, employees familiar with their paychecks every week were rendered jobless and unemployment levels rose from 6%-12%. No one was left out including animals, with over 8,000 animals being rescued and more others reported dead. In most of the rescue missions via helicopters and rescue boats, captains often refused to load pets so that they could create room for more people. However, many families were not co-operative, they refused to evacuate without their pets because of the strong attachment to them. When disasters strike the most vulnerable groups are children, women, poor families and senior citizens. In Katrina’s case, nothing was far from this truth; most of the victims fitted this description precisely and most came from the poor African American community. Lack of water, food, shelter and sanitation facilities led to the outbreak of health problems. Cases of dehydration, food poisoning and diarrhea were on a sharp increase. Also because of the contamination of food and drinking water supplies, respiratory illnesses were on the upward trend. This complex situation was coupled by the fact that major chemical plants and refineries released pollutants into the water-ways further aggravating the already delicate situation. Thus asthmatic people and those with allergy condition were tremendously affected (Ryan Parry 1). There was also a sharp increase in mental illnesses and depression brought about by trauma and shock. Perhaps the most psychologically affected were young children between the ages of 3 years to 18 years. They had never witnessed such disaster in there lives before, they started refusing to go to school, there academics took a nose dive and suffered memory problems and mostly feared separation. The situation was further compounded by the fact that relief and rescue efforts were not quickly dispensed as they should have. The Government was criticized for being slow to respond and for being discriminative against the African Americans. By the time help was coming the victims were already disillusioned, impatient and ravaged, they resorted to looting and stealing, something that had never been witnessed before (Julian Borger and Duncan Campbell, 2). The human migration that took place after Katrina has never been witnessed before in America; save for the Great Migration in the 1830’s when there was mass immigration from Africa – thanks to slave trade. Thousands of families relocated from New Orleans to escape the wrath of Mother Nature. For many they could not bare this nightmare anymore and remaining behind would constantly remind them of the trauma. Many people found it also very difficult to reconstruct their lives especially after loosing important documents like insurance information, birth certificates, marriage licenses and other important documents. Behind every dark cloud there’s always a silver lining. Whenever disaster strikes, it brings in a very high sense of unity among the victims. It was admirable to see people from various backgrounds sleep side by side in the Super Dome. No one was more equal than the other. Hence, there were people of mixed races, diverse financial and social backgrounds, sharing common amenities. Jazz had united the residents of New Orleans for many years, Katrina despite of its untold damage and loss of lives had united them again, albeit in a strange and different way! Works cited Julian Borger and Duncan Campbell. The Guardian. Why did help take so long to arrive? Saturday September 3, 2005. Available at: http://www. guardian. co. uk/katrina/story/0,16441,1561909,00. html. Accessed on 31. 07. 07 The weather Channel Available at: http://www. weather. com/newscenter/specialreports/hurricanes/vulnerablecities/neworleans. html. Accessed on 31. 07. 07 Ryan Parry. Mississippi burning. New Orleans 03/09/2005. Available at: http://www. mirror. co. uk/news/tm_objectid=15926357&method=full&siteid=94762&headline=mississippi-burning–name_page. html. Accessed on 31. 07. 07

Free Essays on Mayo And Roth.

Roth. & Mayo Paper Fritz Roethlisberger and Elton Mayo are considered the fathers of â€Å"Human Relations† (and put the Harvard Business School on the map). Plagued with similar insecurities, they were opposites who had the same ideals concerning scientific management philosophy. This paper will briefly describe what studies these men used based on their philosophy, the responsibility of management, what criticisms their philosophy has endured over the years and modern practices based on Roethlisberger and Elton Mayo’s â€Å"Human Relations School†. Roth. and Mayo; specifically Mayo, wanted to find out what effect fatigue and monotony had on job productivity and hoe to control these through variables such as breaks, work hours, temperature and humidity. In the process, he stumbled upon a principal of human motivation that revolutionized the theory and practice of management. As managers played a bigger role, informal norms were created where social factors such as cooperation, Mgt. supervision, working conditions and informal groups became important. Every one of these factors had a new concern for â€Å"Human Element†. As a concern for the â€Å"Human Element† became especially important, the roles of managers grew to be more widely ranged with greater responsibility. Prior to Roethlisberger and Mayo’s findings, entrepreneurs took a â€Å"Tayloristic† approach to meet maximum output. Managers were told what was expected of the workforce and without any concern for the workers well being, managers were expected to achieve results with only an increase in pay for toughs who met the labor quotas. The problem was that many of these quotas were so outrageous, that even the men who could meet them did not because of the toll it took on there bodies and moral. Roth. and Mayo concluded that the working class is more productive not only when their tangible surroundings improved, but when their lives outside of the work place were soun... Free Essays on Mayo And Roth. Free Essays on Mayo And Roth. Roth. & Mayo Paper Fritz Roethlisberger and Elton Mayo are considered the fathers of â€Å"Human Relations† (and put the Harvard Business School on the map). Plagued with similar insecurities, they were opposites who had the same ideals concerning scientific management philosophy. This paper will briefly describe what studies these men used based on their philosophy, the responsibility of management, what criticisms their philosophy has endured over the years and modern practices based on Roethlisberger and Elton Mayo’s â€Å"Human Relations School†. Roth. and Mayo; specifically Mayo, wanted to find out what effect fatigue and monotony had on job productivity and hoe to control these through variables such as breaks, work hours, temperature and humidity. In the process, he stumbled upon a principal of human motivation that revolutionized the theory and practice of management. As managers played a bigger role, informal norms were created where social factors such as cooperation, Mgt. supervision, working conditions and informal groups became important. Every one of these factors had a new concern for â€Å"Human Element†. As a concern for the â€Å"Human Element† became especially important, the roles of managers grew to be more widely ranged with greater responsibility. Prior to Roethlisberger and Mayo’s findings, entrepreneurs took a â€Å"Tayloristic† approach to meet maximum output. Managers were told what was expected of the workforce and without any concern for the workers well being, managers were expected to achieve results with only an increase in pay for toughs who met the labor quotas. The problem was that many of these quotas were so outrageous, that even the men who could meet them did not because of the toll it took on there bodies and moral. Roth. and Mayo concluded that the working class is more productive not only when their tangible surroundings improved, but when their lives outside of the work place were soun...

A StreetCar Named Desire

Hence, blacks mingle with whites, and members of different ethnic groups play poker and bowl together. Stanley, the son of Polish immigrants, represents the changing face of America. Williamss romanticizing is more evident in his portrayal of New Orleans as a city where upper-class people marry members of the lower class, fghts get ugly but are forgotten the next day, and the perpetual bluesy notes of an old piano take the sting out of poverty. The play immediately establishes Stanley and Blanche as polar opposites, with Stella as the link between them. Stage directions describe Stanley as a virulent character whose chief pleasure is women. His dismissal of Blanches beauty is therefore significant, ecause it shows that she does not exude his same brand of carnal desire. On the other hand, Blanches delicate manners and sense of propriety are offended by Stanleys brutish virility. Stanleys qualities†variously described as vitality, heartiness, brutality, primitivism, lust for life, animalistic†lead him over the course of the play into an unrelenting, unthinking assault on the already crumbling facade of Blanches world. Blanche comes across as a frivolous, hysterical, insensitive, and self- obsessed individual as she derides her sisters lesser social status and doesnt xpress Joy at seeing Stella so in love. Blanche, who arrives in New Orleans having lost Belle Reve and having been forced to leave her Job, exudes vulnerability and emotional frailty. Stanleys cocky interactions with Blanche show him to be insensitive †he barely lets Blanche get a word in edgewise as he quickly assesses her beauty. Nevertheless, in this introduction, the audience is likely to sympathize with Stanley rather than Blanche, for Blanche behaves superficially and haughtily, while Stanley comes across as unpretentious, a social being with a zest for life. Stanleys entrance ith a package of meat underscores his primitive qualities. It is as if he were bringing it back to his cave fresh from the kill. His entrance also underscores the intense sexual bond between him and Stella, which is apparent to the other characters as well. Stanley yells Catch! as he tosses the package, and a moment later the Negro woman yells Catch what! Eunice and the Negro woman see something sexual, and scandalously hilarious, in Stanleys act of tossing the meat to a breathlessly delighted Stella. The name of the Kowalskis street underscores the extreme, opposing rchetypes that Stanley and Blanche represent. Elysian Fields is the name for the ancient Greek version of the afterlife. Stanley, the primitive, pagan reveller who is in touch with his vital core, is at home in the Elysian Fields, but the Kowalskis home and neighbourhood clearly are not Blanches idea of heaven. Blanche represents a society that has become too detached from its animal element. She is distinctly over civilized and has repressed her vitality and her sexuality. Blanches health and her sanity are Scene 2 Scene Two starts to move our sympathies away from Stanley as the more malignant spects of his character start to surface. Whereas Scene One stresses the sexual attraction that drew Stella and Stanley to one another despite class differences, Scene Two shows Stanley acting disrespectful to Stella and antagonistic to her sister. Meanwhile, our compassion for Blanche increases as Williams reveals Just how destitute she is by showing that all of her belongings in the world amount to a trunk full of gaudy dresses and cheap Jewellery. In one sense, Stanley and Blanche are fighting for Stella†each would like to pull Stella beyond the reach of the other. But their opposition is also more elemental. They are incompatible forces, manners versus manhood†and peace between them is no more than a temporary cease-fire. Blanche represents the Old Souths intellectual romanticism and dedication to appearances. Stanley represents the New Souths ruthless pursuit of success and economic pragmatism. When Stanley confronts Blanche after her bath, she shows that she understands the nature of their clash when she tells him that Stella doesnt understand him as well as she does. Calling upon the Napoleonic code enables Stanley to Justify his feelings of entitlement toward Stellas inheritance. In doing so, he shows that he is ignorant of legal technicalities, because Belle Reve, located in Laurel, Mississippi, wouldnt fall under New Orleans Jurisdiction. However, Stanleys repeated references to the Napoleonic code highlight the fact that his conflict with Blanche is also a gender showdown. Stanleys greed reveals his misogyny, or woman- hating tendencies. As a man, Stanley feels that what Stella has belongs to him. He also hates Blanche as a woman and as a person with a more prestigious family name, and therefore suspects that Blanches business dealings have been dishonest. Blanche takes the first of many baths in this scene. She claims that steaming hot baths are necessary to calm her nerves, a believable excuse given her constant hysteria. Yet Blanches constant need to wash her body symbolizes her need for emotional, spiritual, and mental cleansing. Her bathing foreshadows the eventual revelation of her sordid past. She desires to rid herself of her social blemishes and start over after leaving Laurel. Two mysteries from Scene One are solved in Scene Two. Blanche reveals the boy she spoke of at the end of Scene One to be her usband. She tells Stanley that she hurt her husband the way that Stanley would like to hurt her, warning him that his goal is impossible, since she is not young and vulnerable anymore. Blanche knew her husbands weakness and unfeelingly used that weakness to destroy him. Yet she is naive to think that Stanley wont be able to do the same thing to her. She would like to believe that her age and experience protect her against Stanleys callous assaults, but Stanley recognizes Blanches essential weakness. Also, Stellas revelation to the audience that she is pregnant when she asks Stanley not to mention h er pregnancy to Blanche) explains Blanches remark about Stellas weight gain, and Stellas refusal to discuss her weight gain with her sister.

Formulaic Language In Academic Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Formulaic Language In Academic Writing - Essay Example Development of creativity for me was something extremely difficult, but when I had known how to read, I started improving in creativity. My language teacher encouraged me and made smart remarks whenever I did well in composition writing. When I was in high school, the intensity of writing was more than when it was at the elementary level. I began writing essays, poems, formal letters, research papers and journals. These demanded much from me, as it needed a careful approach and some research using the internet and library books. Although it was difficult learning this, it has helped me in gaining crucial skills such as writing of formal letters and writing academic papers. When writing an academic paper, there are crucial steps to follow. The paper should have a title, introduction and the main body (Philip and Mathews, 3). The main body carries research questions, method used in the research, discussion and conclusions. A paper divided in this manner allows the writer to address the topic without deviating to unnecessary information in the paper. I have had to struggle so much with referencing and formatting styles such as APA, MLA, Harvard and Chicago amongst others. Referencing and formatting is mandatory in research. What has proved difficult and even still sometimes challenging in my writing, is how to reference online materials such as newspapers and journals in the various referencing styles. However, I have worked hard to overcome this by ensuring that I have samples of papers referenced according to each style that I often use in my research. I have saved them in my PC for reference in case I forget. In my righting experience, I have come to respect psychology. This is a field in which researchers give the human thought and the rare diseases that affect the affect the brain and thus impaired way of thinking.